Water containers

ABSTRACT

The invention as disclosed herein provides water containers and methods of making same. The containers of the invention include a body made of several intertwined arced sidewalls, some or all of the sidewalls are provided with longitudinal grooves. The body of the container includes several compartments namely a mouth, a neck, and a stem comprising shoulders, a waist, and a base. The compartments have dimensions that maintain a constant mathematical ratio in compliance with the golden phi ratio with respect to each other.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims benefit under 37 U.S.C. § 120 based on U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 11/082,754 filed Mar. 18, 2005, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

I. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to containers to hold liquids. In particular, the invention relates to containers to store, transport, and hold drinking water.

II. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Food and drink packaging is a critical technology in today's world. Companies are constantly working to address the ever increasing demands for convenience, freshness, ease, shelf life, safety and security as required by regulations from private, public, and regulatory sectors as well as academia.

Modern life style spawned further growth in the soft drink and water industries. Vending machines, serving soft drinks or water in cups, became regular fixtures at service stations across the country. In the late 1950s aluminum beverage cans were introduced, equipped with convenient pull-ring tabs and later with stay-on tabs. Light-weight and break-resistant plastic bottles came into use in the 1970s, though it was not until 1991 that the soft drink and water industries used plastic PET (polyethylene terephthalate) on a wide scale.

Industries like the bottled water industry are highly competitive, and the cost of producing bottles is a significant factor in the success of companies in these industries. As such, reusable liquid storage bottles are generally employed in the storage and delivery of various beverages such as bottled water. Generally, these containers include a container made from a synthetic material. Numerous beverage containers have been described in the prior art that purport to protect the beverage from microorganisms.

Various beverages including fruit juices, and fruit drinks, as well as water are distributed to the general public in plastic bottles. Existing plastic containers are either hard to hold and pour from or they are not suitable for drinking water. These bottles are typically blow molded using polymer resins such as a PET and/or polycarbonate.

For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,350,078 describes a plastic bottle for beverages that includes a body made of several straight or planar sidewalls, some of which are provided with arced horizontal grooves forming a finger grip. Because the contents of these bottles are intended for human consumption, they must be thoroughly cleaned between uses to prevent the growth of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms. Costly inspection and off-line removal of infected bottles may be needed to assure that a water-safe container reaches the market. Additionally, water kept in these containers looses its ionic potency (static charge) and can become stale after a short period of shelf time from exposure to full spectrum lighting and improper design of these containers that include angles and shapes that limit the kinetics of the movement of water within the container.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,046 discloses a cover for a bottled water dispenser. The cover is made out of a flexible and opaque material with the shape of a sac with cooperative dimensions for receiving and covering the water bottle and the sac having an opening and a string for closing the opening of the sac against the neck of the bottle. A lower cover portion made out of a flexible sheet having a substantially rectangular shape that cooperatively covers the dispenser and elastic strings or laces for keeping the lower cover portion mounted to the dispenser and the lower cover portion.

U.S. Patent Application No. 20030173328 discloses a liquid storage bottle with a generally cylindrical liquid storage chamber and an integral handle. A well is formed in the liquid storage chamber to accommodate the handle. The walls of the well are configured to prevent water from pooling thereon, and to allow a cleaning fluid to reach all inside surfaces of the bottle. The handle is configured for ease of cleaning the bottle. In one exemplary embodiment, the handle is closed-off from the liquid storage chamber.

U.S. Patent Application No. 20030010743 discloses plastic containers with a non-cylindrical body reinforced with peripheral grooves. In particular plastic bottles, having a body with a circular non-cylindrical wall, so as to reinforce them and prevent cross-section variation when they are subjected to compression forces. Part of a wall is provided with a substantially planar relief. The wall is reinforced with peripheral grooves oriented in planes substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X) of the container, and the part comprising a substantially planar relief is run through with several grooves. The width of each of the grooves is such that it is less wide where it emerges in the part of the wall than at the middle of its crossing.

None of the prior art patent and patent applications have recognized or addressed that there is an action and an interaction between the shape of a container and the physiochemical or biological properties of the food or beverage that is held therein. Nor has any of the prior art publications found a solution to this problem.

To overcome the shortcomings of water bottles of the prior art, the invention as described herein provides beverage containers that maintain the natural physiochemical characteristics of water for extended periods of time while maintaining freshness of the beverage by simultaneously preventing stagnation of fluids which can lead to the growth of microorganisms.

III. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention as described herein provides containers for holding food and beverages comprising a body made of a plurality of intertwined arced sidewalls containing substantially longitudinal grooves extended therein. The body of the container has a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end and the distal end define a longitudinal axis. The body comprises one or more compartments spanning from the proximal end to the distal end consisting of at least a mouth, a neck, and a stem comprising two shoulders, a waist and a base, wherein the one or more compartments have dimensions that maintain a constant mathematical ratio in compliance with the golden phi ratio with respect to each other.

The container of the invention additionally comprises a closure means such as a cap that is either mounted or free standing on the mouth and protects against unauthorized tampering.

In one embodiment, the container additionally comprises a pliable protective shield that further protects the container from environmental impacts such as, for example, light, heat, frost, dust, radiation, chemical agents, biological agents, or a combination thereof, among others.

In another embodiment, at least one sidewall of the container is without a groove.

In another embodiment, the substantially longitudinal grooves extend along the stem of the container.

In yet another embodiment, the substantially longitudinal grooves are extended from the base to the waist or the lower shoulders.

The container according to the present invention is made from a variety of materials including natural materials, synthetic materials, or both. These materials are opaque, light reflective material, translucent material, transparent material, or a combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the container is made from a colored glass or a colored plastic material. Any color from the entire spectrum of colors, either singularly or in combination, is used to achieve a desirable color or color combination.

In another embodiment, the colored glass or colored plastic material reflects blue, turquoise and/or green light.

The body of the container is made in a variety of shapes and sizes. In one embodiment, the shape of the body is cylindrical, dome, or conical. The base of the body is round, oblique, oval, acute, acuminate, truncate, obtuse, cuneate, cordate, truncate, or a combination thereof.

In one embodiment, the body has a smooth margin, undulate margin, serrate margin, or a combination thereof.

In another embodiment, there is provided a plastic bottle for holding water comprising a body made of a plurality of intertwined arced sidewalls containing substantially longitudinal grooves extended therein. The body is light reflective and comprises one or more compartments spanning from the proximal end to the distal end of the body. The compartments include at least a mouth, a neck, and a stem comprising two shoulders, a waist and a base, wherein the one or more compartments have dimensions that maintain a constant mathematical ratio in compliance with the golden phi ratio with respect to each other.

Other preferred embodiments of the invention will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of what is known in the art, in light of the following description of the invention, and in light of the claims

IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts an upward perspective view of one embodiment of the bottle of the invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a plane view of an exemplary circle indicating the length of a decagon segment “a” and radius “b” FIG. 3 depicts a plane view of several exemplary circles (each being a phi ratio (1.618) of the previous) having different radii.

FIG. 4 depicts a plane view of several exemplary circles and a spline (phi curve) interpolated through a point in a clockwise fashion (creating a phi curve).

FIG. 5 depicts a plane view of the phi curvatures that appear on the bottle.

FIG. 6 depicts the point of convergence for the bottle and transition point 1 in the central axis.

FIG. 7 depicts the base of the bottle using transition point 2.

FIG. 8 depicts the middle and upper sections of the bottle including the positioning for the mouth of the bottle in compliance with the phi ratio.

FIG. 9 depicts creation of the waterfall effect on the bottle using the ten sided wave pattern to reflect derivation of phi.

FIG. 10 depicts a photograph of one embodiment of a representative bottle of the present invention.

FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are schematic of one embodiment of a representative bottle of the present invention. FIGS. 11(c) and 11(d) are horizontal cross sections of the base and the waist of the bottle, respectively.

V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to containers for holding and carrying liquid beverages such as water. The containers of the invention have application in several fields or industries that manufacture, use or sell liquid beverages. In particular, the water industry is intended to be benefited from this invention. Water is kept for an extended period of time in the inventive containers, without contamination, while keeping its natural buoyancy and ionic potential.

As used herein, “liquid” or “beverage” includes bottled water, fruit and vegetable juices, milk, sodas, sport drinks, coffee, tea, yogurt-based drinks, chocolate-based drinks, mineral water, pharmaceutical preparations, pharmaneutical and/or nutraceutical preparations, homeopathic preparations, chemical solutions, syrups, or alcoholic beverages, among others.

As used herein “in compliance with the golden phi ratio” includes numerical values in substantial compliance with phi ratio including about 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more in compliance with phi ratio.

The containers of the invention were constructed by virtue of the many references to the golden phi ratio. This ratio has also been expressed in a variety of different forms. In one embodiment, there were essentially three derivations that were used in the construction of the containers. The first derivation was a one-dimensional representation that was used to determine the height of different sections of the container. The second derivation was a two dimensional geometric representation that was used to determine the length and width of certain sections of the container as well as determining gentle curvature of the containers profile. The third derivation is demonstrated with the final twist of the overall shape giving the design its characteristic “waterfall” shape through the mid-section of the container.

The containers of the invention generally include a body made of several intertwined arced sidewalls, some of which sidewalls are provided with longitudinal grooves. The body of the container includes several compartments namely a mouth, a neck, shoulders, a waist and a base. The compartments have dimensions that maintain a constant mathematical ratio in compliance with the golden phi ratio with respect to each other.

The golden ratio, also known as the golden proportion, golden mean, golden section, golden number, or divine proportion is an irrational number, approximately 1.618, that possesses many interesting properties. Shapes proportioned according to the golden ratio have long been considered aesthetically pleasing in many cultures. The golden phi ratio can be found in art and design throughout history, suggesting a natural balance between symmetry and asymmetry. The ancient Pythagoreans, who defined numbers as expressions of ratios (and not as units as is common today), believed that reality is numerical and that the golden phi ratio expressed an underlying truth about existence.

Two quantities are said to be in the golden ratio, if “the whole (i.e., the sum of the two parts) is to the larger part as the larger part is to the smaller part”, i.e. if $\frac{a + b}{a} = \frac{a}{b}$ Where “a” is the larger part and b is the smaller part. Equally, they are in the golden ratio if the ratio of the larger one to the smaller one equals the ratio of the smaller one to their difference.

The Greek letter φ (phi) is conventionally used to denote the size of the larger part when the smaller part is 1, and this number φ is often called “the golden phi ratio”. Thus we have $\frac{a}{b} = {\varphi.}$

However, scientists have summarized this to a simple mathematical ratio of 1:1.618, otherwise known as phi, or divine proportion. Only one formula has been consistently and repeatedly present in all things beautiful, be it art, architecture, nature, and facial beauty. The ratio of phi applies to the length versus width of the face as well as the length of the face from the top of the head to the bottom of the chin to achieve ideal proportions.

It is to be understood that phi is only a number and one does not see numbers when one looks at things. However, there is a visual manifestation of phi and the Golden Ratio—something that we can actually look at and see. It is this manifestation of that Golden Ratio which has been reported to be present in many things that are seen as beautiful. A line that has been divided into two segments, the larger of which has a ratio to the smaller of 1.618:1

Where a=1.618 and b=1, is called a golden cut line, a phi cut line, or a Fibonacci sectioned line.

The above-noted patterns show up in several natural or artificial entities. The golden mean often governs the proportion of our world and it can be found even in the most seemingly proportion-less living forms. Clear examples of golden mean geometry in nature includes, for example, all types of crystals, natural and cultured, the hexagonal geometry of snowflakes, creatures exhibiting logarithmic spiral patterns, e.g. snails and various shell fish, birds and flying insects, exhibiting clear golden mean proportions in bodies and wings, the way in which lightning forms branches, the geometric molecular and atomic patterns that all solid metals exhibit, the angles at which leaves sprout from stems, the shape of pine trees and standard chicken eggs, the navel divides the human body into a golden ratio, as the neck covers the upper half and knee the lower half. The spiral is the characteristic shape for many entities, from spiral galaxies through nautilus shells to the alpha waves emitted from rotating particles. Another, less obvious, example of this special ratio can be found in Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)—the foundation and guiding mechanism of all living biological organisms.

The invention is best understood from the following detailed description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing. It is emphasized that, according to common practice, the various features of the drawing are not to scale. On the contrary, the dimensions of the various features are arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity.

Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 depicts an artistic rendition according to one of the embodiment of the present invention. This bottle has a body 200 that comprises a neck 210 separating the mouth of the bottle 220 from a generally cylindrical stem 230 of the body 200. Neck 210 is disposed in an indentation or well 222 formed above the shoulders 232. Grooves 231 are formed longitudinally and circumferentially along the body 200. The stem comprises shoulders 232, waist 235 and base 234. Closure means 300 is positioned above mouth 220 in such a way as to protect against tampering.

The containers of the invention retain several intentional and/or unintentional or inherent references to phi. For example, to construct the “Golden Rectangle” RECT:

One starts with the square SQRE. The midpoint M of side ES is then determined by setting a compass at the length MQ and constructing an arc from M to intersect the extension of ES at C. RQ is then extended and a perpendicular line at T from C and construct. The “Golden Ratio” is the ratio of ES to EC, and also SC to TC. If the line LF is constructed, one can create another square SCFL and another golden rectangle LFTQ. One of ordinary skill in the art may continue to subdivide the rectangles into smaller squares and rectangles. By drawing a curved line through successively smaller squares, one can construct the “Golden Spiral”. Drawing straight lines connecting each of the vertices of a pentagon, one will have constructed two kinds of “Golden Triangle” (fifteen of each): one with the base in golden ratio to the sides, the other with both sides in golden ratio to the base. The “Golden Ellipse” has one axis in golden ratio. Dividing a circle into two arcs, each arc in golden ratio to the other, generates the “Golden Angle” of 137.5 degrees.

FIGS. 2-7 demonstrate a method of making the bottle of the invention following close reference to the golden ratio phi. Referring to FIG. 2, the circle 110 is inscribed with a regular decagon (ten equal sided figure) 120. The golden ratio is derived by dividing the radius of the circle by the length of one of the decagon segments. (These numbers (130 & 140 are not on the diagram in FIG. 2)

Referring to FIG. 3, multiple concentric circles 50 whose radii increase with relation to phi are calculated. Multiple concentric circles provide an increase in the range of diameters achieved through deployment of circles of different sizes, configurations and angles.

Referring to FIG. 4, each successive circle 50 was inscribed with a regular decagon and a plurality of smooth splines 170 that are circumferentially arranged about the body 200 along a longitudinal axis L of the body and are interpolated through a point of convergence point 180 of the inscribed decagon in a clockwise or counter-clockwise fashion radiating outward. The spline 170 will continue to spiral inward to the point of convergence 180. The spline 170 includes a proximal end 16 that is hinged to the convergence point 180 and a distal free end 12 that extends outwardly from the convergence point along a longitudinal axis L of the body. The distal end 12 of splines 170 is free to swing through an arc at a range of angles and diameters with respect to the longitudinal axis L of the body 200. The distal end 12 is configured to assume a variety of positions along this arc relative to the longitudinal axis L of a body 200, so long as the golden ratio phi is maintained.

Referring to FIG. 5, multiplicity of curvatures 190 are formed around the body of the bottle to create a compound curve. The compound curve refers to the bottles profile which is generated by 4 separate curves as shown in FIG. 5.

Referring to FIG. 6, the convergence point 222 within neck 210 is created. The convergence point is the point at which both spiral curves are to meet if the curve is extrapolated. The single point 1 shows the point at which the profile transitions to another curve. The single point 1 becomes the transition point for an inverted curve that was tangent at convergence point 222. When the bottle is revolved about the center axis, the stem of the bottle becomes too thin for volume considerations. To counter this, the compound curve was rotated about the point of convergence 222 to accommodate the volume requirement of 618 ml, which is the first three decimal numbers of phi, but can be rotated to vary the volume in ml if needed.

Referring to FIG. 7, convergence point three 235 in the base 234 is created within the bottle that becomes a transition point for an inverted curve that was tangent at a convergence point 235. Convergence point 235 was used to reference another phi ratio to obtain the final transition point for the bottom indent of the bottle. Convergence point 235 is the transition point between two curves (refer to FIG. 5). Convergence point 222 and shoulders 232 are also shown in this figure.

Referring to FIG. 8, the mouth 220 and the cap 300 were made so that the height versus diameter of the cap maintains the phi ratio. The positioning of the mouth is determined by the location that the two upper curves intersect.

Referring to FIG. 9, the use of phi in the creation of the “waterfall” effect is clearly demonstrated. A ten-sided wave pattern was used to reflect the second derivation of phi mentioned above. To establish the twirl effect, the bottle was finally rotated 137.5 degrees, which is the golden angle. (The golden angle is defined as the angle that bisects a unit circle; separating its circumference in such a way that the length of the longer arc divided by the smaller arc results in phi).

Referring to FIG. 10, a photograph of a representative bottle of the present invention is presented.

Referring to FIG. 11, an engineering schematic of one embodiment of the bottle of the invention is demonstrated. FIG. 11 (a) is a schematic depicting the body 200 that comprises a neck 210, and the stem 230. The stem comprises shoulders 232 containing upper shoulders 301 and lower shoulders 302, waist 235 and base 234. Grooves 231 are formed longitudinally and circumferentially starting from lower shoulders 302 at about 53.48 mm distance from the neck 210 extending along the stem for about 120 mm down to about 12 mm from the bottom (400) of the bottle 200. The height of grooves 231 is about 120 mm. The overall height of the bottle is about 185.48 mm. The base includes the lower base 303 and the upper base 304. The distance from the lower base 303 to the bottom 400 is about 12 mm.

FIG. 11(b) depicts an engineering schematic of another embodiment of the body 200 including neck 210 and mouth 220. The width of the mouth 220 is about 26.16 mm. The distance from the waist 235 to the bottom 400 is about 60.23 mm. Bottom 400 is shown to have a concave shape.

FIG. 11(c) is a horizontal sectional view of the base of the bottle. Grooves 231 are shown circumferentially positioned in equal distance around the central axis of the bottle.

FIG. 11(d) is a cross-sectional view of the waist 235. Grooves 231 are arranged circumferentially around the waist in an equal distance from each other.

Although the exemplary embodiment of the invention is described with reference to a generally cylindrical 618 ml water bottle, it is contemplated that it may be practiced with beverage bottles of other sizes and shapes according to their intended use so long as the overall shape and the size of the water bottle are substantially in compliance with general mathematical rules of the golden ratio phi.

In one embodiment, the grooves start from the upper base or lower base of the bottle and extend longitudinally along the stem to the lower or upper shoulders.

In another embodiment, the grooves are terminated at the waist or the lower shoulders and the upper shoulders are free from grooves.

The grooves have a depth that makes them visible and easy to touch. The depth and the width of the grooves are consistent or variable as they extend from the bottom to the top. In one embodiment, the grooves have a variable width that is reduced at the bottom and gradually increases as they extend upwardly. In another embodiment, the depth of the grooves gradually reduces as the grooves extend upwardly. In one embodiment, the depth and the width of the grooves are for example from about 0.1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, or more for a 618 ml water bottle. It is intended herein that by recitation of such specified ranges, the ranges recited also include all those specific integer amounts between the recited ranges. For example, in the range about 2 mm to about 5 mm, it is intended to also encompass 2.5, 3, 3.3, 4.1, 4.8, etc, without actually reciting each specific range therewith.

The width of the shoulders of a 618 ml bottle is, for example, from about 100 mm to about 60 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the shoulders is from about 90 mm to about 70 mm. In a more preferred embodiment, the width of the shoulders is from about 86 mm to about 84 mm. The width of the waist of a 618 ml bottle is, for example, from about 61 mm to about 45 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the width of the waist is from about 53 mm to about 50 mm. In a more preferred embodiment, the width of the waist at the narrowest point is about 50 mm. The total width of the base of the bottle at the widest point is from about 85 mm to about 75 mm, and preferably about 81 mm. The width of the neck is from about 20 mm to about 40 mm, and preferably from about 28 mm to about 38 mm.

The water bottle of the invention has a wide range of volumes, from about 400 ml or less to about 20 liters or more. For example, the volume of the bottle of the invention is about 550 ml, 618 ml, 808/809 ml, 1.618 liters, 3.23 gallons, 14.56 liters, or more.

In one embodiment, water containers are made as water towers in order to hold massive volumes of water for a long period of time. These water towers are made to hold thousands or millions of gallons of water for an extended period of time in any weather condition.

In another embodiment, the water containers of the invention are made as water coolers that may be inverted or used directly above a support base. In this case, the water containers may hold at lease one or more gallons of water.

In another embodiment, the container of the invention is a portable water purifier that includes a container for holding the liquid, along with an ultraviolet light source for purifying the liquid with ultraviolet radiation.

In yet another embodiment, the water containers of the invention are made as water bottles for general purpose use. In this case, the water bottles may hold at least 0.0078 gallon (one ounce or 29.5 ml) of water.

In one embodiment, the containers are provided with a closure that is mounted or free standing on the mouth of the container such that it can be removed at will for dispensing water.

In another embodiment, the containers of the invention additionally contain one or more handles that are attached to an external surface of the container. For example, one or more handles are located in a well integral with the body of the container. The well defines an integral handle sized and configured to allow gripping of the container. The handle part is assembled or molded to a generally cylindrical body to form an integral assembly. In another embodiment, the handle part is added to the container separately.

The containers of the invention are made from a variety of natural and/or synthetic materials, so long as these materials maintain the natural physiochemical characteristics of water for a long period of time, and keep the water fresh and free of microorganisms. The materials are, transparent, semi-transparent/translucent, opaque or turbid, or solid, or a combination thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the container is made of a light reflective colored natural and/or synthetic material. The color includes any color in the spectrum, including blue, turquoise, green, gray, white, orange, red, yellow, and purple, among others. In a more preferred embodiment of the invention, the light reflective color gradient reflecting shades of blue/turquoise and/or green throughout the container.

In another embodiment, the colored glass or colored plastic material reflects blue, turquoise and/or green light. The wavelengths between 550 nm & 320 nm (light blue/turquoise, blue, dark blue, violet to purple) are preferred as they are optimum wavelengths for storing drinking water and/or homeopathic or homeopathic-like preparations.

In nature, healthy streams, creeks, brooks, rivers, etc. that flow through virgin forest, are protected from direct sunlight. Water in deep springs and deep fresh water lakes that is protected from direct sunlight and radiant heat possesses maximum density at a temperature of 4° C. In these bodies of water, less than 40% of sunlight travels beyond 1 meter and less than 1% of sunlight travels beyond 50 meters. At 4° C., water possesses maximum potential energy and its ability to absorb heat is maximized. The darker the reflecting color of the water the more energy it can absorb. Fresh water that is protected from light, and especially protected from wavelengths of above 550 nm, has a much lower ORP (oxidation reduction potential) values as demonstrated throughout nature. Wavelengths between 550-320 (UV-A) are optimum wavelengths in the light spectrum for slowing oxidation from both far infrared wavelengths and UV-B and UV-C.

In one embodiment, the container of the invention is made from a light reflective colored glass or plastics or equivalents thereof. Containers or containers of the invention that are used for storing liquid beverages are manufactured, for example, with ultraviolet (UV) resistant materials such as, for example, UV resistant resins or coatings. The labels on the containers are also made to reflect UV light in order to preserve the integrity and longevity of the colors on the labels.

The materials used to make the containers of the invention include, by way of example and not limitation, earthenware, paper, clay, terracotta, ceramic, metals (including any metal suitable for use in food and drink packaging including, for example, aluminum, zinc, copper, silver, gold, platinum, or a combination thereof among others), cardboard, tetra pack-paper, rubber, tin, silica, glass, pouch packaging, plastic, polylactic acid PLA, recyclabale material, biodegradable, organic, reusable or renewable material or resource, corn based material, or a combination thereof, among others.

According to one preferred embodiment, containers of the invention (e.g., bottles) are made with materials that are porous or semi-porous. The liquid held in such containers are able to cool itself through proper movement or circulation via the processes of evaporation and condensation. Evaporation and condensation are more efficient in containers that lack sharp angles (i.e., 90 degree angles.) Bottles of the invention are efficient in supporting circulation via evaporation and condensation due to their compounding curvatures in compliance with the golden phi ratio, and their lack of 90 degree angles and other design impediments that limit the movement of water in bottles, which in turn results in staleness. In nature, a running brook, stream, creek or river will not become stale as it is able to cool itself in its movement/circulation where stagnant bodies of water are more prone to becoming stale and lifeless.

The examples of plastics useful in making the containers of the invention include, by way of example and not limitation, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), PEN homopolymer, raw material for PEN, resin (naphthalate dicarboxylate), polyethylene terephthalate, PET copolymer (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride Polyphenylene Sulfide), PET-P, PLA, Ertalyte® Lexon, polycarbonate, Polyethylene Polypropylene (PP), Polyesters, Styrenic Polymers, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), acrylic plastic (polymethyl methacrylate), PERSPEX, polyvinyl acetate, Nylon (Polyamide), Polyurethane, thermoplastic, Polyolefin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), Polyetherimide, Polyamide-Imide, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, Fluorpolymer Acetal, Cellulose Acetate, Polyetheretherketone, Polypropylene, Polystyrene, Polyurea, Ultem® Pei, Fluorosint®, Ketron®, Torlon®, Celazole®, Acetron®, Nylatron®, MC, Ertalyte®, Fluorosint®, Techtron®, Torlon® & Semitron®, Acetal, Celcon®, Delrin®, Kynar®, Lexan®, Makrolon®, Meldin® Nylon®, Peek, Radel®, Rulon®, Ryton®, Solef®, Teflon®, Tivar®, Uhmw®, Ulterm®, Vespel®, PVC, CPVC, Kynar®, Polypropylene, Teflon®, Halar®, Coroplast™.

The above-noted materials may additionally contain other agents and/or additives used to improve physical and chemical characteristics of the containers. The additives include, by way of example and not limitation, water resistant agents, surfactants, colors, plasticizers, shock resistant materials, ultraviolet light filters, inert fillers, antioxidants, anti-microorganisms (e.g., antibacterial, anti-parasites, anti-viral, or anti-fungal agents), or a combination thereof among others.)

In one embodiment, an internal silica-based layer was applied to containers in both clear and colored plastic, make them water repellent. Those food or beverages that have a tendency to adhere to the surface of the containers can therefore be stored with minimum residual sedimentation on the surface of the containers.

In another embodiment, containers of the invention are made of an amber glass in combination with other materials in order to reflect maximum ultraviolet light. Through the addition of coloring oxides the glass can be given the ability to protect the contents whilst maintaining its transparency. A preferred color for the bottle of the invention is a gradient of blue and blue/turquoise/green colors, with blue gradually reducing intensity and being converted into a blue/green shade as it travels from the bottom to the top of the bottle.

The containers of the invention have a unique look suggesting to the customer freshness, convenience, advancement and innovativeness as well as being beautiful to the eyes, familiar and comfortable to use. The containers of the invention keep the water fresh by maintaining the natural mineral and oxygen/CO2 balance of water. As a result, the water held in these containers provides superior hydration and cooling by maintaining more bio-available oxygen, mineral balance, mineral integrity, and static charge that are lost in the water containers of the prior art due to fluid stagnation outside of phi ratio curves.

The production system for the containers of the invention is based on a series of different technologies, including, by way of example and not limitation, injection and compression caps and accessories, injection-blow and injection-stretch-blow PE, PP and PET bottles, extruded PE, PP bottles, plasticization of glass bottles, and/or decoration of all the containers and components produced. The production is equally divided between standard and dedicated lines. Among standard items there are PET, HDPE and LDPE bottles, and tamper evident closures and relative accessories.

For example, in one embodiment, the production of the containers was based on a multi-cavity injection mold process, for simultaneously injection molding of a plurality of multi-layer articles, having a single manifold system for the sequential supply of several molten molding materials, with each of the materials being supplied simultaneously in equal quantities. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,221,507, and 5,595,799, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In another embodiment, PET Bottles were produced with sequential co-injection processes that inject PET from various colored melt streams into the mold cavity. The injection results in a pre-form with two regions, and a subsequent blow-molding process yields bottles with a two-tone appearance. Color concentrated beads, such as, for example, PETek developed by the Teknor Color Company provide a more sparkling and vibrant look to PET bottles.

Also encompassed within the scope of the invention is the use of a pliable protective shield or cover that can be used to further protect the container from light or other environmental hazards. The protective cover can be made from any synthetic and or natural material so long as it is sufficiently pliable and malleable for use as a protective cover.

In one embodiment, the containers, protective covers, or both have protection against infrared (IR) light as well UV light protection. Such IR and/or UV protection may be achieved by the use of IR and UV reflective materials for the container, protective cover, labels, or a combination thereof. The use of IR (near and far) and UV reflective materials reflect away the IR and UV wavelengths from the beverage that is held in the containers, and therefore protecting the beverages from external heat and light, radiation, moisture, oxygen, chemical agents, biological agents, or a combination thereof, among others.

In one embodiment, the protective shield is made of a UV reflective material such as, for example, a clear or full color shrink wrap that includes, for example, wrap labels that are also UV reflective. Materials that are UV reflective, by way of example and not limitation include, Tetrapak®, aluminum cans, and plastics, including additives such as, for example, ultraviolet absorbers, optical brighteners, ultraviolet filters, or a combination thereof among others. Wavelengths of light above 513 nm up to far-infrared and beyond (750 nm or more) are blocked with the use of the protective cover that covers the container of the invention. In another embodiment, the containers of the invention protects against the full spectrum lighting from below 444 nm to above 513 nm or more.

The pliable protective shield or cover of the invention is made of, for example, reflective materials such as: reflective paints/inks, new barrier polymers as discrete layers, nano-composite materials, organic barrier coatings, vacuum deposited coatings such as metals and/or mineral fibers, eg. aluminum, silver, gold, copper, tin, indium, silica, etc. These coatings are deposited onto one or two sides of synthetic or non-synthetic materials such as, for example petroleum byproducts (e.g., polyesters, polyethylene, nylons, polypropylenes, teflon®, Melinex®, Mylar®, Polyimide, Kapton®, Black Kapton®, Kevlar®, Apical®, Upilex®, PET, Astro-foil, micro-foil, paper, cardboard, cloth, or a combination thereof among others. A reflective material can also be achieved using conventional roll-coating technology using reflective oxides such as titanium oxides, zinc oxides, ceramic oxides, etc.

Metalized polymers such as, for example, MYLAR products from DuPont includes, MYLAR® 850H, MYLAR® 851H, MYLAR® 854, MYLAR® CL, MYLAR® CS, MYLAR® OB01, MYLAR® OB12, MYLAR® OB22, MYLAR® OL, MYLAR® OL12, MYLAR® OL13, MYLAR® OL2, MYLAR® OL22, MYLAR®, OWF, MYLAR® OWF2, MYLAR® RB42AF, MYLAR® RB43, MYLAR® RB52, MYLAR® RL31, MYLAR® RL32, MYLAR® RL33, MYLAR® RL4, MYLAR®, RL42, MYLAR® RL43, MYLAR® RL44, MYLAR® RL51, MYLAR® RL53, MYLAR® GL-AE, MYLAR® GL-AEH, MYLAR® GL-AS, MYLAR® GL-AU, MYLAR® GX-P, MYLAR® M30, MYLAR® M33, MYLAR® M34, MYLAR® MC2, MYLAR® XM123, MYLAR® XMC110, MYLAR® D804, MYLAR® 800, MYLAR® 800C, MYLAR® 813, MYLAR® 814, MYLAR® 822, MYLAR® 823, MYLAR® 834, MYLAR® 840, MYLAR® D807, MYLAR® HS, MYLAR® LB, MYLAR® LBT, MYLAR® LBT2, MYLAR® LBTW, MYLAR® MLB, MYLAR® MLBT, MYLAR® P25, MELINEX® 376, MYLAR® EB11, MYLAR® 350SBL300, or a combination thereof among others. MYLAR® XMC110 is one preferred material for the container, protective shield or both.

For example, in one embodiment, an ultraviolet absorption composition used for packaging and food and drink containers includes a polymer composition comprising a polyester material, at least one ultraviolet absorber and at least one optical brightener. This composition provides considerable protection for its contents in the ultraviolet range of 290 nm to 400 nm, thereby offering effective screening from all wavelengths of solar radiation.

Some packaging polymers such as acrylics and vinyl esters exhibit >80% transmission in the ultraviolet range of 290 nm to 400 nm, polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) exhibit <10% transmission in the 290 nm to 320 nm range, but show >80% transmission in the 320 to 400 nm range. It is desirable to limit the exposure of contents to less than 10% transmitted light of wavelengths from 290 nm to 390 nm.

Also encompassed within the scope of the invention is the use of a coated multilayer composition comprising a polymeric base layer, a zero valent material barrier layer, and a top coat on the zero valent material barrier layer, wherein the top coat comprising a soluble compound capable of reducing the permeability of the multilayer structure to gas or vapor. The zero valent material barrier layer can also enhance barrier to UV light. Methods for enhancing the gas or vapor barrier properties or the UV light barrier properties of a multilayer polymeric/inorganic compositions are known in the art. For example, Si coated polyethylene tetrephthalate containers may be coated with a gas or vapor barrier enhancing top coat.

Also encompassed within the scope of the invention is the use of composite materials that combines an optical brightener with an ultraviolet absorber/blocker to provide effective screening without adding significant color to the polymer composition. Stilbene brighteners are preferred for this purpose because of their high absorption ability and compatibility with polyesters. This extended range of ultraviolet blocking over what can be achieved with ultraviolet absorbers alone is especially valuable in food and drink packaging applications where the contents of the packages need ultraviolet protection to prevent discoloration or development of undesirable flavors.

The pliable protective covers of the invention are perforated or non-perforated. Protective covers have been used with great success by organizations like NASA, who demonstrated that reflective foil will reflect up to 97% of radiant heat. Most materials such as, for example, masonry materials (e.g., brick, stone, clay, sand, silicon) and wood absorb about 90 percent of heat radiation, regardless of their color. Aluminum foil reflects back virtually all of the heat radiation, but still absorbs heat by conduction unless there is trapped air, which acts as an insulator.

Infrared light lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared light has a range of wavelengths that ranges from near infrared, medium infrared and far infrared. The near infrared light is closest in wavelength to visible light and “far infrared” is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer, far infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic. Far infrared waves are thermal. This type of infrared radiation is experienced every day in the form of heat. The heat from sunlight, fire, a radiator or a warm sidewalk is infrared.

Radiant heat is reflected outward into the air space and vented via convection. Convection is the flow of heat through a bulk, macroscopic movement of matter from a hot region to a cool region, as opposed to the microscopic transfer of heat between atoms involved with conduction. Heat energy transfers between a solid and a fluid when there is a temperature difference between the fluid and the solid. This is known as “convection heat transfer”. Generally, convection heat transfer cannot be ignored when there is a significant fluid motion around the solid. The temperature of the solid due to an external field such as fluid buoyancy can induce a fluid motion. This is known as “natural convection” and it is a strong function of the temperature difference between the solid and the fluid. The trapped air between the container and the protective shield (e.g., foil) allows little heat to transfer through the foil via convection. There is an energy lost as the heat travels through the air, resulting in the loss of heat on the foil.

The infrared reflective materials include, by way of example and not limitation, CVD SILICON CARBIDE®, CVD ZINC SELENIDE®, CLEARTRAN®, TUFTRAN®, AgBr, BaF₂, AgCl, Al₂O₃, (Sapphire, Glass-like. Sapphire (Al₂O₃) is an extremely hard material which is useful for UV, NIR and IR applications through 5 microns), AMTIR (GeAsSe Glass, AMTIR (Amorphous Material Transmitting IR is a glass; insoluble in water, resistant to corrosion), CaF₂ (strong crystal; resists most acids and alkalis; withstands high pressure; insoluble in water; no fog), CdTe (lower thermal conductivity than ZnSe), Chalcogenide (AsSeTe glass, good for Mid-IR and chemically inert), CsI (soft crystal, soluble in water; hydroscopic; offers an extended transmission range), GaAs (hard crystal, can be made amorphous), Ge (a hard, brittle crystal; insoluble in water; well suited for ATR), KBr (very soft, water soluble crystal, low cost and good transmission range, fogs), KRS-5 (Thallium Bromide-Iodide, a soft crystal, deforms under pressure, good ATR material, soluble in bases and insoluble in acids, toxic), LiF (one of the best VUV transmitter available), MgF₂, NaCl (very soft, water soluble crystal, low cost and good transmission range, fogs), Polyethylene, (high density) Excellent for far-IR, very cheap, attacked by few solvents, difficult to clean, Pyrex (labware glass), Si (a hard and brittle crystal, inert, ideal material for far-IR), SiO₂ (Quartz, a hard crystal, clear in the visible, ZnS (Cleartran, a water-free form of ZnS, insoluble in water, also known as Irtran-2, and ZnSe (a hard and brittle crystal, inert, ideal material for ATR, also known as Irtran-1), among others.

The containers of the invention possess tamper resistant closures and/or caps. The caps have variety of shapes and configurations. These shapes include, for example, acute (slightly pointed), acuminate (sharply pointed) truncate (squared or abruptly cut off), obtuse (rounded), oval, half circle, cuneate (wedge-shaped), cordate (heart-shaped), truncate, or oblique (asymmetrical, unequally sided), or a combination thereof, among others. The margin of the cap is entire (a margin that is smooth without teeth or lobes), undulate (a margin that is wavy), serrate (a margin that has pointed teeth that are directed upward or inwards), among other type of margins.

Also encompassed within the scope of the invention is disinfection of the liquid (e.g, water) prior to and/or after being transferred to the container of the invention, if indeed such disinfection was deemed necessary. In one embodiment, the disinfection is carried out by the use of an ultraviolet light source. Ultraviolet disinfection uses a UV light source, which is enclosed, for example, in a transparent protective sleeve. It is mounted so that water can pass through a flow chamber, and UV rays are admitted and absorbed into the stream. When ultraviolet energy is absorbed by the reproductive mechanisms of bacteria and viruses, the genetic material (DNA/RNA) is rearranged and they can no longer reproduce. They are therefore considered dead and the risk of disease has been eliminated.

UV-rays are energy-rich electromagnetic rays that are found in the natural spectrum of the sunlight. They are in the range of the invisible short wave light having a wavelength ranging from 100 to 400 nm (1 nanometre=10⁻⁹ m). UV, like distillation, disinfects water without adding chemicals, and therefore possesses some of the same benefits as distillation. It does not create new chemical complexes, nor does it change the taste or odor of the water, and does not remove any beneficial minerals in the water.

Ultraviolet devices are most effective when the water has already been partially treated, and only the cleanest water passes through the UV flow chamber. Niagara+ UV Purifiers use both sediments and carbon filters to clean the water prior to passing it through the UV light, to provide complete water quality solutions.

Other sources of light used for disinfection of water comprise electron beam, gamma beam, and X-radiation. Prior to 2001 polymers used for food or beverage containers had to be independently approved for electron, gamma and X-radiation. The NCFST's collaborative interaction with the USFDA lead to modification of the law so that approvals granted for one irradiation source would automatically apply to the remaining irradiation sources. Since most polymers were originally approved for gamma irradiation, they are all also approved for electron and X-radiation. This cooperative interaction is currently being exercised to map new and novel approval methods for irradiated polymers not currently listed.

It is proven scientifically that 85% of child sickness and 65% of adult diseases are produced by water-borne viruses, bacteria and intestinal protozoa such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Inappropriate water treatment and water containers can lead to heath problems—hepatitis B, tuberculosis, meningitis, typhoid fever, tricomoniasis, and cholera, glaucoma, gastrointestinal pain, salmonella, poliovirus, and diarrhea, to name just a few. In North America, E. coli O157:H7, an extremely dangerous strain of E. coli bacteria, infects more than 80,000 people annually. Fortunately, E. coli O157:H7 is easily inactivated by UV light.

This invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed in any way as imposing limitations upon the scope thereof. On the contrary, it is to be clearly understood that resort may be had to various other embodiments, modifications, and equivalents thereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and/or the scope of the appended claims. The contents of all references, patents and published patent applications cited throughout this application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.

EXAMPLES

It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts that other suitable modifications and adaptations to the methods and applications described herein are readily apparent from the description of the invention contained herein in view of information known to the ordinarily skilled artisan, and may be made without departing from the scope of the invention or any embodiment thereof. Having now described the present invention in detail, the same will be more clearly understood by reference to the following examples, which are included herewith for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Example 1 Manufacturing of Plastic-Based Beverage Containers

Beverage containers were made from a formulated blend of plastic resin, colorants, and other additives.

a) Plastic

In one embodiment, containers were made of polypropylene plastic. Polypropylene is a resin made by polymerizing molecules of a propylene gas. Polypropylene and has many properties, which make it suitable for use in container manufacturing. This resin is light-weight, has fair abrasion resistance, good dimensional stability, and good surface hardness. It typically does not experience problems with stress cracking and it offers excellent chemical resistance at higher temperatures. Additionally, it has good thermoplastic properties. This means it can be melted, formed into various shapes and, upon reheating, can be melted and molded again. Another key attribute of this plastic is that it is safe for contact with food and beverage. Polypropylene is approved for direct contact with food and is used to make many types of food and drink packaging such as yogurt containers, cellophane-type wrapping, and various bottles and caps.

b) Colorants

Colorants were added to the plastic to give the containers an aesthetically pleasing appearance. However, in the United States, the colorants used must be chosen from a list of pigments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for food and/or drink contact. If the colorants are not food grade, they must be tested to make sure they will not leach out of the plastic and into the food or beverage. These pigments are typically supplied in powdered form, and a very small amount is required to impart bright colors. Through use of multiple colorants, multi-colored containers were made. The beverage containers or bottles have typically several shades of blues and greens, with a deep blue color at the lower end of the bottle that gradually becomes lighter as it travels to the waist of the bottle, from which point there is a transition from blue to blue/green that gradually becomes less intense as it travels to the neck of the bottle. The neck and the mouth of the bottle exhibit a more intense shade of blue.

c) Other Additives

In one embodiment, additional materials are added to the plastic formula to control the physical properties of the finished containers. Plasticizers (materials which improve the flexibility of the polypropylene) may be added to keep the resin from cracking. Antioxidants are used to reduce harmful interactions between the plastic and the oxygen in the air. Other stabilizers include ultraviolet light filters, which shield the plastic from the effects of sunlight and prevent the radiation from adversely affecting the plastic. Finally, inert fillers may be added to increase the bulk density of the plastic. All these materials must meet appropriate FDA requirements.

d) Plastic Compounding

The polypropylene resin was first mixed with the plasticizers, colorants, antioxidants, stabilizers, and fillers. These materials, in powder form, are mixed in an extrusion compounder that mixes, melts, and forms beads of the blended plastic. The powders were mixed together and melted as they traveled down the barrel of the extruder. Special feeder screws were used to push the powder along its path. The molten plastic mixture was squeezed out through a series of small holes at the other end of the extruder. The holes shape the plastic into a predetermined shape or strands. One compounding method ejects these strands into cooling water where a series of rotating knives cut them into short pellets. The pellet shape is preferred for subsequent molding operations because pellets are easier to move than a fine powder. These pellets are then collected and dried; they may be further blended or coated with other additives before packaging. The finished plastic pellets are stored until they are ready to be molded into containers. One, two or several extrusion rounds may be applied until the desirable final product is formed. Containers with special design requirements may undergo additional processing using special molding equipment. A series of grooves can be crimped into the containers in one or two step processes.

e) Quality Control

Quality of beverage containers is determined at a number of key steps during the compounding and extrusion phases of the manufacturing process as well as after extrusion are complete. During compounding, the mixing process must be monitored to ensure the formula components are blended in the proper ratios. Before beginning the extrusion process, it is a common practice to purge some resin through the extruder. This purging helps clean out the barrel and acts as a check to make sure all molding systems are operating properly. At this stage, sample containers can be checked to make sure they achieve the proper dimensions. These samples can also be used to ensure manufacturing equipment is operating at the proper line speed.

During the extrusion process, it is critical that the resin be kept at the proper temperature. Depending on the processing temperature (and the molecular weight of the polymer), plastic can flow as slowly as tar or as quickly as corn syrup. If the temperature is too cool, the viscosity increases dramatically, and the resin will not flow through the die. If the temperature is too high, thermal breakdown can occur. Over-heating can cause chemical changes in the resin, weakening the plastic and rendering it unsuitable for use in container manufacturing. Under certain circumstances, die buildup, caused by a mass of plastic, occurs. This plastic mass eventually breaks free, becomes attached to the molded container, and ruins its appearance. Unwanted chemical interactions can also affect the quality of the finished containers during the extrusion process. One problem is oxidation, which results from contact with air. This reaction can negatively impact the plastic. Similarly, the plastic interacts with any moisture that is present, while too little moisture can make certain plastic blends too brittle.

There are a number of interesting new developments in plastic technology. First, new and improved plastic blends are constantly being evaluated. This is necessary to keep costs down, meet regulatory requirements, and improve quality. In addition, new processing and design methods are being developed. These can expand the food and beverage containers into new areas.

Example 2 Manufacturing of Bottles Containing Thermochromic Ink

Bottles containing thermoliquid crystals change color when they come in contact with hot or cold gas or liquid. Thermoliquid crystals, which are special colorants that respond to changes in temperature, are added to the bottles to make them change color when they come in contact with hot or cold liquid or gas. Other unique applications of this technology include ways of printing. This feature is achieved through the use of pigments in the printing ink whose colors change as the temperature changes. The ink called “thermochromic” (temperature-dependent) ink, which has already made its way on cans of Coors Fine Light Beer now being sold in the U.K. The bottles according to this aspect of the invention have a temperature-sensitive logo that turns from, for example, white to blue when the bottle is cold enough to drink.

Alternate embodiments of the invention are shown in the following illustrations, which are not to be construed in any way as imposing limitations upon the scope thereof. On the contrary, it is to be clearly understood that resort may be had to various other embodiments, modifications, and equivalents thereof which, after reading the description herein, may suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and/or the scope of the appended claims. 

1. A container for holding liquid comprising a body made of a plurality of intertwined arced sidewalls containing substantially longitudinal grooves extended therein, said body having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the proximal end and the distal end define a longitudinal axis, said body comprising one or more compartments spanning from said proximal end to said distal end consisting of at least a mouth, a neck, and a stem, said stem comprising two shoulders, a waist and a base, wherein said one or more compartments have dimensions that maintain a constant mathematical ratio with respect to each other in compliance with the golden phi ratio.
 2. The container of claim 1, further comprising closure means mounted on said mouth or free standing on said mouth and protects against unauthorized tampering.
 3. The container of claim 1, further comprising a pliable protective shield that protects said container from one or more environmental impacts.
 4. The container of claim 3, wherein said one or more environmental impacts comprise light, heat, frost, dust, radiation, chemical agents, biological agents, or a combination thereof.
 5. The container of claim 1, wherein at least one sidewall is without a groove.
 6. The container of claim 1, wherein said substantially longitudinal grooves extend over said stem and said base.
 7. The container of claim 1, wherein said container is made from natural materials, synthetic materials, or both.
 8. The container of claim 1, wherein said container is made from an opaque material, light reflective material, translucent material, transparent material, or a combination thereof.
 9. The container of claim 8, wherein said container is made from a colored glass or a colored plastic material.
 10. The container of claim 1, wherein said colored glass or colored plastic material reflects varieties of blue and green wavelengths.
 11. The container of claim 7, wherein the natural and synthetic materials comprising aluminum, tin, silica, glass, paper, cardboard, pouch packaging, terracotta, clay, ceramic, plastic, polyethylene naphthalate, (PEN), PEN homopolymer, resin (naphthalate dicarboxylate), polyethylene terephthalate, PET copolymer (polyethylene terephthalate), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride polyphenylene Sulfide), PLA (polylactic acid) PET-P, polycarbonate, polyethylene polypropylene (PP), polyesters, Styrenic polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), acrylic plastic (polymethyl methacrylate), PERSPEX, polyvinyl acetate, nylon (Polyamide), polyurethane, thermoplastic, polyolefin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyetherimide, polyamide-Imide, ethylene vinyl acetate, fluorpolymer acetal, cellulose acetate, polyetheretherketone, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurea, or a combination thereof.
 12. The container of claim 1, wherein said body is cylindrical, dome, or conical.
 13. The containers of claim 1, wherein said body has a smooth margin, undulate margin, serrate margin, or a combination thereof.
 14. The container of claim 1, wherein said base is round, oblique, oval, acute, acuminate, truncate, obtuse, cuneate, cordate, truncate, or a combination thereof.
 15. The container of claim 1, wherein said container is a water tower, a water cooler, or a small dropper bottle.
 16. A plastic bottle for holding water comprising a body made of plurality of intertwined arced sidewalls containing substantially longitudinal grooves extended therein, said body having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein said proximal end and the distal end define a longitudinal axis, said body is made of a light reflective material and comprises one or more compartments spanning from said proximal end to said distal end consisting of at least a mouth, neck, and a stem comprising two shoulders, waist and a base, wherein said one or more compartments have dimensions that maintain a constant mathematical ratio in compliance with the golden phi ratio with respect to each other.
 17. The plastic bottle of claim 16, wherein said body is conical having a smooth margin throughout and said base is round.
 18. The plastic bottle of claim 16, containing at least one UV resistant resins or coatings.
 19. The plastic bottle of claim 16, wherein said light reflective material reflects varieties of blue and green wavelengths.
 20. The plastic bottle of claim 16, further comprising closure means mounted on said mouth or free standing on said mouth and protects against tempering. 